Kon Tum province bordering northern Quang Nam Province, south-west and Gia Lai province, the east of Quang Ngai province, the west with Laos and Cambodia.

The climate features the subequatorial tropical monsoon of southern Vietnam but has a tropical highland climate. There are two distinctive seasons: dry and rainy. The rainy season is from April to November, and the dry season from December to March.

The average annual rainfall is 2,121 mm, reaching the maximum of 2,260 mm and the minimum of 1,234 mm. The average rainfall in the north is rather high at 2,500–2,900 mm with many places of amazing rainfall such as Dak Man, Muong Hoong, and Ngoc Tem. The rainiest month is August. The prevalent wind direction in the rainy season is southwest; in the dry season it’s northeast. Rains and storms concentrate in September until November with an annual rainfall of 1,747-1,800 mm. Phenonmena of severe floods occur from October to November (an average 10 flooding days a month). Phenonmena of whirlwinds and hails occur in the beginning of rainy season with 2-3 whirlwinds and hails. The annual average temperature is 22oC to 23oC with a daily temperature amplitude of 8-9oC. The highest temperature is 38.7oC, and the lowest 6.8oC. The coldest month is January. No phenonmenon of hoar frost is recorded but frost has occured. The annual average humidity varies from 78 % to 87 %, reaching the highest in August and September (about 90%) and the lowest in March (about 66%)

Land resources: The land is divided into five main groups of 17 different kinds.

• Alluvial soil: three main kinds of alluvium, spotted alluvium, and spring alluvium.
• Grey soil: 2 main kinds of grey soil on acid magma and grey soil on ancient alluvium.
• Yellow soil: six main kinds of brownish yellow soil on ancient alluvium, reddish yellow on acid magma, reddish yellow soil on clay-stone and degenerated stone, reddish yellow oil on weathered basalt stone, light yellow soil on sandstone, and violet brown soil on basalt stone.
• Yellow humus on mountains: five main kinds of light yellow humus, light yellow humus on clay stone and degenerated stone, reddish brown humus on base and neutral magma, yellowish red humus on acid magma.
• Valley soil: one main kind of valley soil.

Water resources: Most of rivers and streams originate from the north and northeast of Kon Tum, which usually have slopes and narrow valleys, including:

• Sesan River: formed by two main branches of Poko and Dakbla. The branch of Poko is from Ngoc Linh Peak, running from the north to south. This branch is supplied by Dakpsy Spring, originating from south of Ngoc Linh Peak at villages of Ngoc Lay, Mang Ri, Dakto. The branch of Dakbla originates from Ngoc Kring.
• Other rivers and springs: the Tra Khuc River originates from the northeast of Kon Tum running to Quang Ngai Province; two rivers of Thu Bon and Vu Gia originate from the north of Kon Tum and run to Quang Nam Province and Da Nang City. The Sa Thay River, originating from Ngoc Rinh Rua Peak, runs from the north to the south and nearly in parallel to the Kampuchean border and pours into the Sesan River. In general, these water resources are suitable for the development of hydropower and irrigation.
• Underground water: the potential and reserves of these resources are at the C2 level: 100 million m3/day. There are nine mineral water sources in Dakto and Kon Plong Districts which can be exploited for refreshing and medicinal purposes.

Forest resources: Scientists accomplishing the planning and classification of three kinds of forest noted that in 2010 there were 747,000 ha of agricultural land, of which the river head protective forest was about 187,000 ha. Forest coverage was 68%, the highest in the country.